Neilsen’s Ice Cream – Marketing Game

[pic] Neilsen’s Ice Cream Report Report Katherine Johnstone HMMA†¢ CAH †¢ January 17, 2011 [pic] Introduction The company that I was part of during this marketing game was known as Nielsen’s Ice Cream. The aim of the game was to earn the most market share by making the right choices in marketing the products, purchasing the inventory, managing human resources, and working together. This report will go through the decisions made, reasons for them, and the outcome. Round 1 When starting out the game, our first round of decisions on marketing can be summed up with the following chart : Price |Marketing Budget |Promotion |Purchase | |Standard Ice Cream |280 |4000 |Commercial – Rich history |500 | |Special Ice Cream |295 |4000 |Commercial – Best quality |500 | |Luxury Ice Cream |295 |4000 |Sales Promotion -Cheap |500 | |Sugar Free Ice Cream |285 |4000 |Commercial – Quality/Price |500 | |Then we moved to our Human Resource Management, and made d ecisions that would affect our company internally. Board Salary: 5500 euro Size Sales Department:20 euro Education Budget:Average –> 2500 euro Working CircumstancesAverage –> 2600 euro Working Conditions:Training for management Training result oriented work Training on team building Flexible working conditions Music workplace To start off the research and development, we more so went with our best guess, feeling that this round would truly come close to being some what of a trail and error round. So the numbers for research and development are as follows: Process: 1000 euro Standard Ice Cream2100 euro Luxury Ice Cream2600 euro Special Ice Cream2400 euro Sugar Free Ice Cream2200 euro Round 2 Looking at the results from the previous round we made according adjustments, which are as follows.Standard Ice Cream With a starting price of 280 euro for the standard ice cream, the product did fairly well on the market. Our market share of the standard ice cream is 29%, which is pleasing, but staying there will be tough. A small change in the price, will be made in order to see if demand goes up or down, or is affected. We will still continue promoting the product a commercial approach, and continue with the same amount of money for the budget (4000 euro). Special Ice Cream Nielsen strongest product was our Special Ice Creams with an amount of 483.We won’t change anything on this product and will see if this does effect the company results in the next round. We will purchase 600 new items for the next round. Luxury Ice Cream The Luxury Ice Cream did a good job in the previous round, but can be improved by making some small changes. Nielsen changes the way of promoting to a Price/Quality advertisement, hoping that form of marketing will catch more attention. Sugar Free Ice Cream We sold 387 units of Sugar free ice creams last round, which is quite a high amount if you compare it with to our competitors.To attempt to increase sales and market share, Ni elsen will lower prices on this product from 285 to 280. The marketing budget of 4000 euro still stands and is put towards a commercial where they are telling about the price and quality relation. Round 3 Standard Ice Cream The standard ice cream was doing quite well the last round, so we felt only minor changes were needed. We had an average quality for this standard ice cream which we changed into a high quality, this is due to we believe that in order to be competitive you can’t settle on average.We purchased 350 products with a good quality. This high quality needs to be compensated by a higher price, because if you are just higher your quality, you will lose money. We changed the price from 285 to 295 euro. We are going to promote this product to a commercial which is giving the rich history of the product. Our marketing budget for the standard ice cream in this round is 4000 euro. With a higher quality and higher price, we should make some more profit out our standard i ce cream. Special Ice Cream Again it seems that the special ice cream is our strongest selling product.We had a price of 295 with a good quality. The changes will be made to up the sales of this special ice cream. We increased the marketing budget from 4000 euro to 4100 euro, so that people won’t loose interest and also to stay ahead of competition. We invested this 4100 euro in a tv commercial where Nielsen’s is proud of the high level of quality at this special ice cream. Because of the high sales we purchased 450 special ice cream on a excellent basis. The sales are very good for this special ice cream, so we made a decision to change the price from 295 to 300 euro.This shouldn’t make such an effect on peoples buying behavior. It’s in relation to change from a good quality to an excellent quality of the purchased items. Luxury Ice Cream The sales of the luxury ice cream weren’t so high in the fourth period. There should be a reason for this, whi ch we need to fix with making some changes. First we want to change the price from 295 to 290. This should people make more convenient to buy our product. When you are just lowering the price, somebody has to know that you made this changes, so we hired up the marketing budget from 4000 to 4200.This money will be invested in a sales promotion, so on that the sales will increase of this product. As a result of bad sales in the previous round, we don’t need such a high purchase of products. We will purchase 150 luxury ice creams on a good quality base. Sugar Free Ice Cream The sugar Free Ice Cream was the weakest product of the 4. With 203 sales and a market share of 15% the sugar free ice cream performed very poorly. We need to change something to higher up the sales and the market share. We changed the price of the sugar free ice cream from 280 to 270.We will promote this prices with a marketing budget of 4000 euro which won’t be changed from the previous round. This m oney will be invested in sponsoring, where we are telling that the sugar free ice cream has the best quality. The sales where such as bad, that we don’t need much to purchase. We are purchasing 150 sugar free ice creams, which should be enough because of an inventory of 400 stocks. Also in an attempt to sell more we had a press release stating that we were offering for a limited time a Holiday Special Sale, which is why the price was then lowered by 10 euros.In Human Resources we were not performing well as far as our staff was concerned, so we decided to try increasing the education budget from ‘average – 2500’ to ‘good-4000’, in hopes that a higher education will provide them with what they need to perform their job and possible be more satisfied. Also, we felt that it was needed to make a few changes in the research and development area as a way to increase the sales of the sugar free ice cream. What we decided was to decrease the budget fo r the luxury ice cream research and cycle it into the sugar-free’s: Process: 1000 euro Standard Ice Cream2100 euro Luxury Ice Cream2600 euro ? 200 euro Special Ice Cream2400 euro Sugar Free Ice Cream2200 euro ? 2600 euro Lastly, we felt that it was time to purchase some market research in the form of a market analysis in order to gain a better understanding of our competitors and the market we are all in. Round 4 Round 5 One key observation made after reviewing the previous rounds results was that with the increase to the education budget there was a slight positive movement in our internal sector. This prompted us to then not only give on more increase of the education budget, but to also provide an increase in funding to the salary department.An unfortunate fallout however from a miscommunication between our group members was our inventory, and this is the round where we could have turned it around if caught in time, however, we neglected the round delay, and ended up runni ng out of stock of certain products. Round 6 The big change was with in the Human Resources as well and the working conditions. After examining the data a little more it was decided to change the working conditions to include the following: Lease espresso machine Training result oriented work Lease ERP software using ASP Lease CRM software using ASP Flexible working conditionsStandard Ice Cream There were a few changes made in the marketing of this product due to declining sales. We went from focusing on the rich history to associating more with price/quality. The pricing seemed high as well so we lowered from 285-275, as well as adjusted the budget from 4100-4000. For inventory, 280 products we purchased at a good quality Luxury Ice Cream We felt the only adjustment should be made was in the pricing, which we lowered from 290-280. Since stocking was also an issue we felt it would be wise to order 400, rather then 150 as in the previous round Special Ice CreamPricing was way to high , so it was determined that hurt our marketshares of this product the most over the past few rounds. In response we lowered the price from 300 down to 280, but increased the budget from 4200 to 4300. Then we shifted the focus of the marketing from best quality to Price/Quality, and ordered 350 in inventory at good quality rather then excellent. Sugar Free Ice Cream Only adjustment made with this product was the purchase of 300 inventory. We looked at the results further and also concluded that we were missing out on market research, which was most definately hurting our chances of competing.After discussing it, we determined that it was wise to purchase market research on the competitors prices, and societies values. The results from the pricing was shocking for us. The whole time our standard ice cream was far to over priced, as was our sugar free, but the changes made previous to the communications mix proved to be almost spot on with the research. But this information was taken h eavily into consideration for the next round of decisions. Round 7 Standard Ice Cream With the huge price difference in our products versus the competitors we decided that the price needed to be lowered immediatly from 275 to 220.Marketing communication match up with the societies values research, but we ordered 300 in inventory and changed the quality to weak. Luxury Ice Cream Comparing our price to the research from the previous round we determined pricing was fine as is, but the marketing communications needed to be changed from price/quality to cheap. We then ordered 500 in inventory with hopes of high future sales. Special Ice Cream The pricing again matched up well enough to stay competitive so we adjusted the communication from price/quality to best quality and also ordered 250 in inventory.Sugar-Free Ice Cream Another big price change was made when we seen that we were almost 20 euros more then the rest, so we dropped from 270 to 250, and also ordered 500 inventory hoping fo r increased sales. There was no change made for the communications. Round 8 Again we ran into the problem of running out of inventory, still not fully realizing the key was in what we were over looking. With hopes to make one final comeback we decided that it would be a good idea to have another press release announcing one more final sale. Looking back, I see that this may have been our fatal error.In response to sending out the press release, our prices had to be lowered further and we done so as follows: Standard Ice Cream: 220 to 205 Luxury Ice Cream : 280 to 250 Special Ice Cream: 280 to 250 Sugar Free Ice Cream:250 to 215 In combination with the lower prices, we also increased the marketing budget to 4500 for each product, in hopes of reaching more people with the new of the sale. We then stacked up inventory ordering 800 standard at weak quality, 800 Luxury average quality, 700 Special at average quality, and 800 Sugar-Free at average quality. ConclusionAll in all the company would have be successful had it not been for the failure to realize the inventory situation earlier. Also, earlier purchasing of market research such as competitors pricing would have proven much more beneficial in earlier rounds. Nielsen’s actually had one of the highest company equities as well as highest net turnover, but dropped drastically in net profits in the final two rounds. Looking back all of these were very simple, if not too simple, mistakes that could have been avoided through clearer communication. [pic] Nielsen’s Ice Cream Logbook Katherine JohnstoneHMMA †¢ CAH †¢ January 17, 2011 [pic] Name:Katherine JohnstoneGroup:Nielsen’sWeek:50, Round 1&2 | When | Who did what? |Task went: – Good/wrong – Why? | |Present at meeting |Before each round |Jef, Dammis and I discussed our strategy and how to implement it |One member left to go home for the holidays, but never mentioned being in contact or showing much concern for the 2 roun ds he would miss | |Actively participating |Before each round |Jef input data as did myself and Dammis |Again, Ross was not around, and neither side tried as they should have to make contact | |Dividing tasks Before each round |Marketing Plan tasks were split, when being redone Dammis did Ross’s Piece |The corrections were only in the pieces Dammis and Jef covered, so I revised mine and theres, and put the report together so that we all still worked together | |Cooperation |Before each round | |Minor arguments, and a small amount of miscommunication, but over all we cooperated well. | |Discussions |Before each round | |Discussed all moves before and during the input of data for each round, and brought up whatever we felt might be or could be a future issue | |Deadlines | | |Marketing Plan- December 8, 2010Round 1- Week 50, Tuesday December 14, 2010 Round 2- Week 50, Friday December 17, 2010 | | Name:Katherine JohnstoneGroup:Nielsen’sWeek: 1, Rounds 3&4 | When | Who did what? |Task went: – Good/wrong – Why? | |Present at meeting |Before each round | |Ross and Myself just arrived back this day, but Jef was absent, so Myself and Ross met with Dammis on Skype | |Actively participating |Before each round | |Dammis and I made most of the decisions, while Ross tried to catch up and understand what we were doing | |Dividing tasks |Before each round | |I input the data while Ross and Dammis discussed | |Cooperation Before each round | |Everyone present coorperated and agreed on everything | |Discussions |Before each round | |Sometimes they were a little heated, but points were always made, but somethings did get over looked. | |Deadlines | | |Round 3- January 4, 2011 Round 4- January 7, 2011 | | Name:Katherine JohnstoneGroup:Nielsen’sWeek:2, rounds 5&6 | When | Who did what? |Task went: – Good/wrong – Why? | |Present at meeting |Before each round | |All were present at the second last meeting, but it was just myself and Ross at the last meeting | |Actively participating Before each round | |Not everyone was involved and some members seemed uninterested in completing the rounds | |Dividing tasks |Before each round | |Usually it was just myself and dammis inputting the data as well as reviewing it | |Cooperation |Before each round | |Not everyone helped to make the decisions, but those who did agreed and cooperated well | |Discussions |Before each round | |Missed out on the little fact about inventory because a dicussion was never finished | |Deadlines | | |Round 5- January 11, 2011 Round 6- January 14, 2011 Marketing Report and Logbook- January 17, 2011 | |

Effects of cyber ego on morality Essay

When one is in a virtual environment for long, one soon becomes convinced that the cyber space world is the real world which is the turning point in his life after which everything turns against him. This virtual world that is mistaken to be the real world is a parallel world that one is in. the presence of one in the virtual world that is non – existent leads one to fall in a state is consciousness which is very different from the one in the real world. After this, one starts to think differently, act in a way one has never acted before and a lot of other things that soon do not make sense to him self either, but this is a fact that although one knows there is something wrong, one can not help it. (Johnson 2003) It becomes a part of one’s life and is difficult to get out of it. After being in a parallel universe that is all made up, there is different stimuli that then change and guides our behaviors. It is a journey which a lot of people find interesting. On their journey to no where, when they are entering the virtual world, they take along the best ethics that their religion could teach them, wonderful morals that they learnt from their parents since they were kids and the cultural ethics that they grew in since they were kids; all that is with them when they are entering the virtual world, but it is ironic that when they come out of it for something they are completely different. (Pritchard 2000) One is a completely different individual which some how loses all its values that were taught to him or her during their life span and all the ethics and morals that they learned while they were in school and all that goes deep down the drain. How the virtual world affects our culture, values, morals, ethics and perception of which we are and of what the world is, changes; is what we will be discussing through out this report. (Ess 2006) When one enters a virtual environment, it is a battle of what is real and what one has left behind. This is where one’s cyber ego comes into picture. Cyber ego is primarily what a person thinks of one self in a virtual environment. There is no doubt that there is a lot of artificial intelligence involved in the so called virtual environment that one enters in, but there is a problem of cyber ego that makes many individuals question themselves before entering an environment as such. The moral values are lost. This is not only true but has been experienced by many people who have made a mistake of entering a virtual environment. Talking to different people, people that one is not aware of as ever even existing before they started talking in the cyber world, it changes one’s attitude and the stimuli that one guided the person’s perception and state of emotion; this all mutate and make the individual a different person, for all wrong reasons. (Schultz 2005) There are a lot of things that have an impact on our morals and ethics. For example, the more time one spends on it, the more aggressive one gets. This aggressiveness can be because one can no more differentiate between the real world that one lives in and the virtual world that one is in most of the time of the day. This aggressiveness adds to the change in one’s attitude and hence personality. (Ess 2006) The changes in one’s attitude and personality all depends on how much one might be engrossed in cyber ego. How much one would want oneself to be a part of the virtual environment and adopt cyber ego is the question that will also answer how much a person changes and becomes a truly different person that one was not. It is the difference of decisions that one makes that leads one towards developing a cyber ego being unhealthy to an extent that it would drive the life long morals and ethics out of the person and make one a totally different person. Having this said, it is of utter concern of as to how the changes take place. Some claim that the fact that hours and hours of the week are spent in front of the computer screens being in a world that is non existent. Having a personality that is not the personality the person has in the real world, and faking that personality to be the real one; if so is done for hours, every single day of the week for months or even years, yes there will be a drastic change in what one believes and what one perceives. (George 2003)

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Alternative Education Options 2 - Essay Example The school’s goal is to cost effectively attend to the needs of the school, enhance the environment and provide students with the platform to develop their skills and gain educational success. The set, benedict school philosophy is based on the 15000 year old Benedictine tradition. The school program differs from the other normal school programs in that its year is divided into summer phase, winter and spring phases. In summer the students gather for a five week program of till midday class while the freshmen have their five day classes overnight.in winter students have the regular school days and there is routine to the gym at 9:15 every morning. The spring phase concludes the academic year and students choose projects to work on for a period of four weeks. The school has firm discplinary policies. The school has about 18 groups with 20-30 members in each group where members are supposed to meet each day, participate in competitions as group and play an active role in operating the school. They are all responsible for each other. The student ratio is 13:1 a very effective structure. The school is run by the senior group leader, a beginning leader and four section leaders that cooperate in attaining the mission of the school. There is a great degree in uniformity in the school. They pray according to catholic programs and sing songs with the whole community in attendance. The student’s dress code acceptability is addressed by the headmaster and senior group leader and they have the right to authorize change at any time. Beginners wear gray and hoodies while members wear black. Students are not allowed to wear: hats, head-bands, ear muffs, gloves and may only wear one stud earring type. Sagging and hanging jewelry is not allowed. Black and brown Shoes should have no more than an inch heel and must be properly worn and tied. Any different form of shoe or dress is not acceptable. Family dynamics are intensely integrated in the school

Performance Analysis of M&A in UK banking sector (2nd STAGE) Essay

Performance Analysis of M&A in UK banking sector (2nd STAGE) - Essay Example As a matter of fact, the studies with regards to mergers and acquisition activities in the UK banking sector offers assorted conclusions. Altunabas and Ibanez describe about the bank mergers between the years 1992 and 2001 to lead on average in order to improvise the accounting profitability (Altunaz and Ibanez, 2004). Many empirical evidences have been provided which are evocative of the restrained opportunities for cost savings from bulk mergers in the banking commerce. Moreover, a little improvisation in the profit efficiency is also reported, but not in terms of cost efficaciousness with position to cross-border deals only. According to Cooke, most of the research analyses on mergers and acquisitions have been focused on the organizations which have been undergo a merger and many studies have seen a common condition marking the post-merger period (Cooke, 1986). Therefore, this paper targets the investigation of the influences of the M & A operations on accounting profitability me asures with reference to the UK banking sector over the period 2003-2007 by with the help of examining several performance gauges, thereby, distinguishing the part of transformation in presentation due to the M & A itself. According to Heffernan, banking can be construed to a wide range of financial institutions and organizations to the large money-centralized commercial banks and this paper describes about it in detail (Heffernan, 2005). The UK banking sector witnesses itself to be the third largest in the world after the United States and Japan, and is also a major international hub for investment and private banking (DeltaQuest, 2009). The banking sector of UK has an authoritative international recognition which is

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Answer question - Essay Example One key aspect of Christian struggle or Jihad is, show love to others and practice non-violence. Jesus said â€Å"Love your neighbor† and what’s more â€Å"love your enemies† as seen in Luke 6:27. Also Matthew 5:9 says blessed is the peacemaker. Therefore, Christians should struggle in fighting for peace and unity, even if one has to embrace sworn enemies. Similarly, the Quran demands that Muslims struggle against use of violence but make peace and speak well of others even if they are non-Muslims (Quran 17:53-54 and Quran 2:256). Another major element of Jihad in Christianity struggle is to ensure they do not pay back evil for evil as written in Romans 12:17. In a similar way Quran 4:9 asks Muslims to refrain from fighting back. Moreover, Christians should strive to eliminate evil in the society and from humanity. Many instances in the Bible such as in Exodus 22: 18-20, Exodus 32: 27-28 and Numbers 31:1-18 allows punishment of evildoers in the very harsh way Just like Jihad in Islam that aims at clearing evil in the society. Many other elements of jihad or struggle such as defending of faith, strive to keep doing good, to struggle for the later kingdom and life after death among other things as found in Quran are evident in the Bible. From above perspectives, jihad is an all religions phenomenon of struggling in battle against selfishness, godlessness and injustice. In essence, Muslims and Christians share a similar â€Å"Jihad†. That of love for humanity, searches for knowledge, non-violence and perfection of the souls (Considine

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Pattern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pattern - Essay Example That measurement is needed to be considered so it will create the like. There are lots of techniques and procedures on how to have an exact work of putting pattern on a fabric. Pattern serves as the molder for a complete figure of the planned dress in a fabric. Preparing to Draft the pattern on a fabric is not an easy thing to do. Since fabrics are not hard enough to hold the marks that a sewer will do. We use to design a pattern on a fabric by first making a draft from a paper, the known draft can be produced. From this draft a pattern will taken from which the cloth shall be cut. In which the paper should be strong, firm and white or light, colored if pencil or graphite is to be used. If tailors chalk is to be used, a dark paper or rough texture is preferable. A squaring tool or ‘set square’ is also necessary, usually made of box-wood with brass ends. It is more convenient to use if one side of the square is about 60 cm long and the other shorter, about 30 cm long. It should be marked off in centimeters on both sides with zero at the angle. To start making the pattern on a fabric, first lay the fabric with strong ends and corners so that the marks will be made on its right plane or position. To start drafting the pattern this is the procedure that First, mark a point on the paper on the top right-hand corner about 10cm from the edges and the top ring it so O with a dot in the circle. Just make sure the â€Å"squaring† is accurate and the measurements are applied with care. Keep the drawing neat and tidy. It will be found that very soon the drafting procedure will become quite easy. When the draft is complete a pattern must be made from which the cloth will be cut. The principle of pattern cutting is to duplicate of the draft on to another piece of paper, but instead of an identical copy it is made in separate pieces according to how many parts the garments contents. The draft

“Inevitable vs. Amendable” Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Inevitable vs. Amendable† Essay The film â€Å"Inequality for All† tries to explain; what is the current status of the distribution of wealth and that of income equality? Why this is happening and if this is a problem. Yes, as stated in the film, social inequality is inevitable. But, there is without a doubt a problem with United States distribution of wealth. One of the facts that really opened my eyes was the fact that the 400 richest Americans, together hold more wealth than the poorest 150 million Americans have together. This said, it is scary to think about how obscure was the knowledge we had on the one percent with given how much economic influence they have. The minimum wages vs. growth of productivity graph is one that I found very interesting. Why is â€Å"just† in today’s society to be part a more productive workforce that gets paid less than the workforce we had a few decades ago? The line graph for productivity growth is rising every year, meaning that more work is being done. On the other hand, the minimum wages growth rates were rising but after a while they seem to have plateau and they have been like this for about 30 years. Advances in globalization and technology are also inevitable because it is simple economics that a product shall be produced in the cheapest way possible. Yes, technology does create jobs but as we see in the film companies like Amazon are also opting to operate with high tech machinery instead of the traditional assembly line. Women going to work, general workforce working for longer hours and borrowing money from the financial sectors are coping mechanisms that the middle class used to keep up with their good lifestyles, but in my opinion these are more like defense mechanisms in order to survive in the concrete jungle with the same wages they had 30 years ago. One other comparison that I liked was how the widening inequality leads to a deficiency cycle and when the wealth is equally distributed economic stability is transfused from sector to sector creating a domino effect leading to a virtuous cycle.

Implementation of Purchase Orders Workflow Process

Implementation of Purchase Orders Workflow Process 2.2 Research questions Key research questions will be: How important is the implementation of the workflow process within the financial system (SAP)? What weakness or issues are evident in the current process in relation to purchases orders approvals? How efficient is the current approval process and how trustworthy? What are the most important activities the management can take to improve the current process? Does the companys DOA policy align with the current PO process? 2.3 Significance of the project SRG will benefit on having purchases orders workflow electronic process, include quicker, more efficient and correct procurement, enhancing overall supply chain visibility and competence and combined business processes. Technology is the main support for all business processes across modern corporations. Electronic process using available technology has become fundamental substance that creates, supports, and constrains the business processes in all most important organizations. (Sehgal V. , 2010) Understanding what is working in the current process what needs to be improved and the lessons learned from that understanding will guarantee that automation of purchase orders workflow process will improves operations management, creating a competitive advantage. For SRG the use of the workflow system for non-stock purchase orders approvals aids to guarantee that documents are managed and approved in a constant and effective routine. (Sehgal V. , 2010) Project related literature summary 3.1 Focus on MBA Specialization: Operation Management A literary review for this project has focussed on Operation Management, process design and analysis from the current MBA course. An initial understanding of the project subject is based on the textbook for Operations Management, Suresh N. Kumar, 2009 and Operations and Process Management; Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact, Slack, N, Brandon-Jones, A, Johnston, R Betts, A 2012. Monks, 2004 (cited on Suresh N. Kumar, 2009, p.9) outlines that Operations Management as the process whereby resources, flowing within a defined system, are collective and converted by a organized way to add value in accord with policies communicated by management. Recognition and constant valuation of process change are encouraged through an innovative situation. (Grover V, 2008). The Operations Management goals can be classified into customer service and resource Utilisation. (Suresh N. Kumar, 2009). Management by processes offers utensils which might improve and restructure workflow as they contemplate the requirements of the participants involved (customers, shareholders, staff, suppliers,). (Climent C, Mula, J Hernandez, 2009). Other areas in the literature consist of business process reengineering, Hammer and Champy (1993, p. 32), cited on (Wang W. Chan H K. Pauleen D, 2010) BPR is the important rethinking and essential redesign of business processes to accomplish improvements in critical existing procedures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. A preliminary list of relevant literature is referenced in section 7. Planned Methodology 4.1 Method This proposal is for a case of study to evaluate the implementation of purchase orders workflow process within financial system, using interviews for primary data as styled by Saunders. M. Lewis P Thornhill, 2016. Data Collection A rational methodology will be used to analyse the qualitative research method in conjunction with the existing literature. This project will attempt to deliver a best solution to the issue outlined. Thus, primary data will be collected from interviews with currents system users, managers and purchases orders requesters and creators. Secondary data will be collected from internal company documents such existing delegation of authority policy, current workflow for non-stock purchases orders approval, purchases orders documents created and approved in the last twelve months. A sequence of structure interviews having eight questions based on obtaining a better understanding of the current process will be conducted to allow qualitative data to be composed. Twenty (20) minutes interviews will be piloted with 6-8 employees (that includes purchases orders creator and approvers, purchases orders requestors, managers across the organization). Review and analysis of the interviews and documentation will give indication of current process weaknesses in order to provide relevant recommendations. 4.3 Process Ethical Considerations This project will fulfil with the requirements of ethical conduct of research defined in the project learning materials. Interviews will follow ethical rules and all interviewees will sign consent forms as per the AIB guidelines and National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007. This project will fall into the low risk as per the AIB project learning materials guidelines. Interview participants will be treated as per guidelines and will not be identified in the report. 5.1 Consent forms: The AIB Project Proposal Research Ethics Sheet is attached as appendix A. An executed organisational consent form is attached as appendix B Interviewees will be asked to provide their written consent using AIBs individual Consent form attached as Appendix C and will accompany the project draft. Schedule of Completion The author expectation is to complete this Project within three month from the date obtain an approval. Specific milestone are as follows: Literature review commence by 03 Jan 2017 Project Proposal submission by 19 Jan 2017 Data Research and Collection commences 13 Jan 2017 Writing of draft commences 30/01/2017 Submission of draft 27/03/2017 Submission of final project by 07/04/2017

Influenza in New York :: Journalism Health Medical Spanish Flu Essays

Influenza in New York NEW YORK: October 5.--The influenza virus is a common disease, which has been prevalent in society for many years. This year however we are seeing an influenza epidemic hitting not only the United States but also the entire world. This strain of influenza has been named "Spanish Influenza" and is much more volatile and deadly than the usual strain of influenza. The common influenza strain usually surfaces in the cold months of winter and this strain is no different, however it is unusually deadly. The fatality rate is much higher for people ages 15-45 compared to the common influenza, which is usually fatal for the young and old. This makes this particular strain of influenza much different and therefore is causing an epidemic and a certain state of panic across the globe. Here in New York it seems that the Spanish influenza was brought to the city by merchant mariners who were shipping in from the war front in Europe. It seems that Spanish influenza is spreading so quickly because of the war. With so many soldiers in tight quarters and in the trenches the disease is able to spread much quicker than before. These soldiers are coming home from the war to cities such as ours and unfortunately are bringing the virus with them. This is causing the spread of Spanish influenza not only through the military but also into the civilian population. Due to the rapid spread of the disease, many steps are being taken by the Public Health Department to try to curb the rapid spread into the civilian population. These actions may seem severe but they are necessary in order to make sure New York has as few fatalities from this epidemic as possible. The first step being taken is quarantining those coming in from Europe who are showing symptoms of the virus or have been in close contact with anyone else showing the symptoms. This is to ensure that these people do not ride in public transportation and transfer the virus to unsuspecting civilians. People are also being inspected for the influenza virus at railroad stations across the city. This is to ensure that the infected do not ride the train and pass the virus on to not only the people on board but also to the population of their destination city.

Francios Rabelias Essay -- essays research papers

In Italy, early 1300s, a cultural movement began. This period of time is known as the Renaissance, an age of reborn interest in the arts. During this time artist emerged with paintings that recognized daily life, in contrast with paintings of holy and importain people just a few years earlier. Artist began to paint in three dimensions, writers began write satires, and they started blending their opinions into their stories. They became concerned with human welfare, humanism. “ Humanism was a program of study rather than a unified philosophy. It stressed the studia humanitatis, or humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric (the art of persuasive argument), poetry, history, and moral philosophy. It was designed to make the Christian well-rounded and virtuous. '; People like Michangelo, Leonardo da Vinchi, Lorenzo de Medici, Raphael,and St. Thomas More were humanists. They were concerned with human welfare, this is the reason why it is represented in there works. The one I am going to focus on is Francios Rabelias. Rabelias was a writer. Over time many of the information we have about him as been lost or destroyed. “We have most of his works, but it is believed there is more. '; Below I have listed a believed chronology of Rabelias, it may have inaccurate due the lack of information on Rabelias. “1494 Now the Generally accepted date of Rabelias’s birth, although at times it has been published back as far as 1483. Born at La Devini...

Harmful Algae :: Geology

Abstract The purpose of this term paper is to provide information about the different kinds of algal blooms and their effect on our environment and ourselves. There are still a lot of things that are not known about the algal bloom phenomenon, and many different hypotheses have been presented to explain these. Throughout the course of this paper those hypotheses will be presented and discussed, allowing the reader to derive their own opinion about the origin of algal blooms and what will happen in the future. table of contents Table of Contents I. Harmful Algae II. What are Algal Blooms and Red Tides? III. Why do Algal Blooms occur? IV. What are the effects of Algal Blooms? V. Where and how often do Algal Blooms occur? VI. Resources I. Harmful Algae All algal species are not harmful. Only a few out of the thousands of species are associated with the phenomenon known as an algal bloom. These algae fall into two categories. The first category of harmful algae produces toxins that are released when ingested by animals or humans. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (left) and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (right) are examples of toxin producing alga. The other category of harmful algae kill without toxins. These are equipped with structures such as spines and serrated edges that allow them to lodge in fish gill tissues. When this occurs it causes irritation which leads to overproduction of mucus which eventually leads to death. This Chaetoceros species (above) is an example of an algae that kills by using specialized serrated structures. back to table of contents II. What Are Algal Blooms and Red Tides? Algal blooms are when algae grows at a fast rate and accumulate near the surface, hence the term "algal bloom". The term "Red Tide" is a misnomer because it has nothing to do with the tides. It refers to a specific type of algal bloom that occurs when certain species of phytoplankton that contain red pigments "bloom" causing the water to look red. Red Tides are usually not harmful. The California Noctiluca Bloom is an example of a Red Tide back to table of contents III. Why Do algal blooms Occur? Scientists aren't exactly sure of how or why algal blooms get started. One theory is that when temperature, salinity, and nutrients reach certain levels there is a massive increase in the amount of algae.

Salvador Dali the Burning Giraffe

Salvador Dali The Burning Giraffe 1. Structural Frame In Paris in the mid sass's surrealism became the new art movement and was widespread and lasting. The movement was characterized by pictures that contained detailed, strange and unnerving objects with dream like character. The art has a visually striking, controversial and bizarre quality, which was the result of the rejected ‘need' for rational thought and behavior. Salvador Dali described the art as hand painted dream photographs†.This description pinpoints the realistic detail hat was contrasted with surreal images. ‘The Burning Giraffe' Salvador Dali was painted during his exile in the United States, but shows his personal struggle with the battle in his home country of Spain. It was painted before the Second World War and Dali believed the burning giraffe was a premonition of war. Dali interpreted the image of a giraffe with its back ablaze as â€Å"the masculine cosmic apocalyptic monster†. The paint ing illustrates ideas of death- through war, loss of individuality and the weakness of society.In contrast to the usual surrealist obsession with unconscious thought, Salvador Dali described his technique as the â€Å"paranoiac-critical method. † He employed this technique to create ‘The burning Giraffe' which allowed him to paint many optical allusions to create a dreamlike state. Surrealists painted with a high level of detail to create a sense of realism within the ‘dream'. Dalais style is precise and this enhances the ‘dream' or ‘nightmare' effect of ‘The burning Giraffe'. Dali used thinned oil paints s well as dense oil paints on a panel, which were traditional at the time.Salvador Dali was one of the many surrealist painters that often incorporated images of women into their work. Many male surrealist painters had a typical male attitude towards women such as worshipping them symbolically through stereotypes and sexist norms. Surrealists in cluding Salvador Dali had an interest in the concept of psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud. This influence combined with his desires towards women enhanced the nightmare effect of his painting, which the realist painters tried to create. 2.Cultural Frame Women were often made to represent higher values and transformed into objects of desire and mystery. ‘The Burning Giraffe' depicts two women that are slim and curvaceous. One has a drawer opening from below her breasts and several more down her leg. This imagery gives an underlying impression that she is a sexual object as the open drawer could be a symbol of her sexual offerings and favors. The head, hands and part of the arms of the closest female are stripped down only to e the muscles beneath the skin whilst one figure holds a piece of meat.The meat is another symbol of an offering, giving the impression that the women were possibly seen as ‘meat', meaning they possibly were used for sexual favors. Dali shows a state of exhaustion by the uses of the crutches that hold and support the women. This image is symbolic of weakness and is present in many of Dalais work, consistent to address different themes with same effectiveness. Dali believed that both The Burning Giraffe and The Invention of Monsters were premonitions of war.Both of these paintings contain the image of a giraffe with its back ablaze, an image which Dali interpreted as â€Å"the masculine cosmic apocalyptic monster†. He first used this image of the giraffe in flames in his film L ‘Age door (The Golden Age) in 1930. The Burning Giraffe appears as very much a dreamboats, not simply because of the subject but also because of the supernatural aquamarine color of the background. Against this vivid blue color, the flames on the giraffe stand out to great effect. In the foreground, a woman stands with her arms outstretched.Her forearms and face are blood red, having been stripped to show the muscle beneath the flesh. The woman's face is featureless now, indicating a nightmarish helplessness and a loss of individuality. Behind her, a second woman holds aloft a strip of meat, representing death, entropy, and the human races capacity to devour and destroy. The women both have elongated phallic shapes growing out from their backs, and these are propped up with crutches ‘ Dali repeatedly uses this symbolism for a weak and flawed society.

The Ideal Family of the Future Essay

Probably everyone has their own idea of the ideal family and their views about the family in general. I’ll tell you what I think about it. In my opinion, the ideal family should begin with â€Å"laying the foundation† of their own relations, also with the confidence and understanding to each other. In any family should prevail friendly atmosphere, along with love and mutual respect for all its members. Ideal family it is when they always support you in every difficult moment and is no matter what. Ideal family it is when despite everything going on around, including of all the possible issues with all global and family problems, disorders, scandals and quarrels you continue to be one strong and solid family. As for the future, in my opinion, the ideal family of the future consists in informing all the values of a culture from nowadays of your heirloom in next generation. Now I am a part of such a great family. And I am very grateful to my parents for it. Also, I hope th at my â€Å"ideal family of the future† will correspond of my idea about ​​it, and I will try to do everything possible that all it happens.

The Human Vessel to the New Business Frontier

As our workforces grow more diverse every day, and customers are demanding better, faster, and less expensive service, companies are faced with the challenges to create and meet the changes necessary to remain in business. The organizational environment must also learn to assess the direction of these changes while also being able to respond successfully to those that roll in at a completely different direction than expected. The leadership required to handle these wonderfully tumultuous times, so that organizations in transition remain profitable, is crucial. Today†s companies become successful based on their abilities to create and manage change. They can no longer survive without â€Å"†¦ courage and imagination – the courage to challenge prevailing business models and the imagination to invent new markets. † As the globe continues to evolve into a marketplace with vanishing boundaries, competition becomes stronger, tighter, and smarter than ever before, ultimately forcing organizational change. The tidal strength of competition that has been upon us over the past few decades has fundamentally changed the â€Å"blueprints† of many corporations and how they now need to be led. Businesses have awakened to the hard fact that leadership can no longer be defined by the effective management of people and systems, but most importantly by the effective leading of change. Leadership, or the lack thereof, is proving to be one of the most crucial determinants of whether organizations will survive and flourish in the next century†s business frontier. â€Å"We live in an era of organizational reengineering. To become or remain competitive, leaders often must realize improvement through radical change, or reengineering. As defined by Jon R. Katzenbach, author of Real Change Leaders, radical changes are: Those situations in which corporate performance requires most people throughout the organization to learn new behaviors and skills. These new skills must add up to a competitive advantage for the enterprise allowing it to produce better and better performance in shorter and shorter time frames. The changes that are most relevant are those that demand companies to redefine their organizations in order to profit from the changes or even just to endure them. Change, such as that which comes with new technology, comes so quickly and frequently that business are forced to develop new organizational models and practices. With the unrelenting evolution of technology, organizational structures have had to be reinvented. No longer do we find the centralized, multi-layered hierarchies that once offered organizations bureaucratic control over employees. Towering organizational structures are now collapsing into flatter pyramids with wider spans of control offering greater flexibility, cost-efficiency, and more interdependent departments capable of rapid action and reaction. As with advances in technology, economic, political, and socio-cultural environments are also faced with swift changes. Unfortunately, such a rapid rate of change can turn an organization†s strengths into its weaknesses. Leaders must now think like change agents, because the issue is not only how new concepts and skills are acquired, but also how to unlearn things that are no longer serving the organization. This means that leaders must carefully examine organizational cultures and then reinvent them to promote and maintain success. The most important thing to understand, however, is that leaders cannot change culture arbitrarily in the sense of eradicating dysfunctional conditions. By evolving culture they can build on its strengths while diminishing its weaknesses. â€Å"Culture is ‘changed†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ through changes in various key concepts in the mental models of people who are the main carriers of the culture. Note, however, that such transformations do not occur through announcements or formal programs. They occur through a genuine change in the leader†s behavior†¦ † If culture cannot be manipulated through hard-core policy changes and formalities, how does a leader gain the loyalty of the organization†s members? How does a leader influence others to voluntarily commit to his or her vision of where the company is going and how it will get there? Robert Rosen, assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the George Washington School of Medicine tells us that â€Å"Americans are hungry for new leaders; emotionally intelligent leaders with vision and character who can guide their downsized organizations back to health and high performance. However, before they are willing to go through the growing pains of organizational changes, employees want to and must see that the leader is willing to â€Å"walk the talk! † The path of a leader is one of a trailblazer. Forging new ideas, concepts, and theories to raise the success level of those he or she is leading. Throughout history, there have been many leaders who have fundamentally changed the way the world viewed things such as freedom, politics, and the importance of forgiveness. These magnetic individuals are able to draw out not only their own magnificence, but also that of those who follow them. Within their skills to lead, they cultivate others† abilities to rise above their difficulties and self-doubts. Leaders of truly positive change can breath life back into an organization that is on the edge of collapsing. With their abilities to instill values that reflect courage and respect in their followers, they also are more than willing to share in their visions for the future. If a leader truly wants to transform an organization that can and will endure the inevitable changes that the future holds, he or she must work to unify its members by building a shared vision with common values and direction. Vision is an essential element of leadership. It is a leader†s image of what the company will produce or provide, where the company is headed to achieve those successes, and how it will arrive there. â€Å"Vision refers to a picture of the future with some implicit or explicit commentary on why people should strive to create that future. † It is also â€Å"†¦ the [intuitive] ability to see the potential in or necessity of opportunities right in front of you. † Vision is necessary to clarify the necessity and actions of organizational changes. When people understand why they are going in a certain direction and they fundamentally agree with it, they are much more motivated and willing to put in the work it takes to see a leader†s vision materialize. â€Å"†¦ the real power of a vision is unleashed only when most of those involved in an enterprise or activity have a common understanding of its goals and direction. † When a journalist inquired about the remarkable success of the Hewlett-Packard corporation, David Packard spoke only in terms of the â€Å"†¦ ttributes of immense operating freedom within well-defined objectives, the pay-as you-go policy that enforces entrepreneurial discipline, the critical decision to enable all employees to share in the company†s financial success. † These organizational attributes are not just simple choices made to see if the organization†s members would use them to assist the company in its successes; they are carefully thought out plans that began as someone†s vision as to how the company could flourish through its people. To companies whose leaders mobilize their people and unleash their competence, creativity, and commitments, success is almost sure to follow. Once a leader has formed, articulated, and shared with the other members of the organization his or her visions for the future, those other people will be watching very closely to see just how much conviction the leader has in those visions. They expect leaders to show up, to pay attention, and to participate directly in the process of getting extraordinary things done. Leading by example is how leaders make visions and values tangible. It is how they provide the evidence that they are personally committed. That evidence is what people look for and admire in leaders, people whose direction they would willingly follow. This makes credibility a very important attribute that people look for in a successful leader. Those looking to a leader need to believe in that person; that he or she can be trusted; that he or she is truly excited about the direction that the company†s heading. People expect their leaders to stand for something and to have the courage of their beliefs. It is also equally as important for the leader to know that his or her credibility is not being challenged. Leaders believe their personal credibility is more important than their formal position of power. Credibility is what they think enables them to inspire confidence among the people they must influence to take initiative and personal risk. The best leaders show their personal credibility both in what they have accomplished and in what they know about the change task at hand. Courage is another primary attribute of a successful leader. One of the greatest challenges for leaders of change is to develop the personal skills that are necessary to effectively generate and cultivate courage, in themselves as well as those around them. â€Å"They recognize that courage is really about making the connection between what†s changing in the business world and what needs to change in their personal behaviors. They also recognize that personal change offers far more potential rewards than sticking with the status quo. As the hallmark of a true leader, courage is necessary to take risks, to create a vision, to empower others, and to challenge the current conditions of any situation. In The Art of War, Sun Tzu said: â€Å"Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humanness, courage, and sternness. † The most essential aspect of how the leaders of the next century will sustain their companies is the continual facilitation of the people within their organizations as the primary factor for success. Although empowerment has become somewhat of a â€Å"buzz† word within the business arena, it†s power is nonetheless stronger than any other tool used by leaders to get results from people. Because in its most simple form, empowerment is sharing the decision-making process with others, it is closely related to courage. Those companies that have stood the test of time, such as Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, Nordstrom, and Wal-Mart have infused into their organizations the practices of empowering their employees. Leaders of the future must have the strength and fearlessness to go against the grain of old assumptions or paradigms. They must continue to trailblaze in their efforts to see that the organizations of the next century will remain in tact. They will be the encouragers of change for positive results; they will be the beacons that the others look to guide the ship through any storm; they will hold their heads high in recognition of success and have the courage to admit when outcomes are not what they had planned. Tomorrow†s leaders of change rise to the occasion and take the others with them.

Development Human Potential

The evaluation procedure in today’s times requires a lot of attention from the organizations as people usually have neglected this area. The companies are seen spending huge amounts on the training interventions but do not pay attention towards their evaluations and usually an informal committee is set up in order to take the feedback on the random basis. The organizations cannot ignore the evaluation phase as it is the most integral factor in assessing the resources that have been spent in the training and development of the human resources.A lot of organizations refrain from going through a proper evaluation because they feel that the process is faced with a lot of challenges and is relatively difficult to incorporate in the routine training procedures (Huque & Vyas, 2004). Answer # 3: Evaluating the training and development interventions have become equally important as the procedure itself as the evaluations provide the organization with a better understanding of the train ers and the trainees.The organization cannot assess the success or failure of the training interventions until there has been an evaluation for that (Pont, 2003). The evaluation itself is a complete procedure for the organization to follow and has to go through a lot of challenges in order to get the procedure done. The organizations today are spending a lot of their resources in evaluating the intervention procedures in order to make sure that their training and intervention procedures are effective and result oriented (Phillips & Phillips, 2004).The foremost challenge that is in front of the management is the criteria for measurement. The evaluation is basically a way to measure the success of the training and development interventions. Thus it has become a huge challenge for the organizations as it is very difficult to set the criteria for the measurement. The organization has to be very prudent when identifying the variables that would be required in gauging the efficiency of th e training interventions.The importance for this factor can be assessed from the fact that if these measurement criteria have been set incorrect the organization would have to pay in the short run and even in the long run. The organizations base their future training programs and the future training objectives on the results of the evaluation which is considered a valuable asset by various organizations (Gatewood, Feild, & Murray, 2007). Thus if the criteria selected is incorrect the organization may come up with the future program which may contain factors which are incorrect and based on erroneous results.The organization therefore has to pay a lot of attention while identifying the measurement criteria for the evaluation of the training and development interventions to make sure that they are on the right path and the resources are not wasted but channelized in the right direction (Ivancevich, n. d. ). Measurement remains the first issue but one of the other most integral issue w hich the organizations are facing today is in regard with the proper resources and trained staff that could do an in depth evaluation of the program (Brostek, 2000).In the days of recession the organizations have to face a lot of criticism by the stake holders in spending huge amount on the employee development. A lot of critiques consider it to be a waste of resources to invest labor and capital in the training of the employees. Today companies have become pretty weak in terms of their financial position due to which they are not in the position right now to spend ample amount in the training of the employees.Thus, there is a huge challenge in front of the management to get an approval for spending resources in training their human capital by the other stakeholders of the organization (Brostek, 2000). Companies today are faced with a major challenge in terms of their spending patterns with respect to the employee training. Companies do realize the importance of the training of the employees and want to spend more for it but are restricted immensely by their financial conditions and the slowing economy. Organizations have a set budget for the development of their human resources beyond which they are not allowed to spend.Thus this has become a huge challenge as they have to channelize the limited resources that they have very efficiently in order to get the maximum out of the evaluation (Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick, 2006). Other than that the organizations today are facing problems in acquiring highly skilled employees who would be able to do an in depth evaluation of the training interventions. As already mentioned above the evaluation itself is a complete procedure, thus organizations need to hire highly skilled employees who should be well trained in the evaluation procedures and may get accurate and correct results for the organization (Bramley & an, 2003).The evaluation phase does not only end once the data has been gathered properly by the skilled professi onals but a thorough understanding is also required in order to assess and evaluate the data properly. The correct result depends upon the correct understanding of the data that has been gathered. It is a huge challenge for the managers to make sure that the data that has been gathered is not misunderstood or misinterpreted in any way because this may make the whole evaluation procedure a failure (Armstrong, 2003).Evaluation refers to the feedback from the trainers and the trainees. Getting a feedback at times is not easy and the organization has to go through a lot of difficulties in order to get the correct feedback. A lot of participation and co operation is required form all levels of employees in the organization. Any sort of rigidness form any one in the organization may make it difficult for the firm to get the feedback (Training and development evaluation in Jordanian banking organisations, 2009).The managers face a huge challenge in terms of getting co operation form the tr ainers and the trainees as the people may not be very comfortable sharing their response or may not want to tell others due to any reason. At times people may even manipulate the results of the evaluation by providing biased data to the managers which may pollute the whole study. The managers have to make sure that the purpose of the evaluation has been communicated properly within the whole organization and every one in the company understands how important the evaluation is for the training procedures.This would help the managers in getting the support from all over the organization without which the managers may not be able to accomplish their mission (Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains – Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor Domains – design and evaluation toolkit for training and learning, n. d. ). Proper evaluation is only possible in the case when both the trainer and the trainees are ready to co operate and give the correct feedback. At times either of t hem may be biased in their response due to any personal factor which may contaminate the complete evaluation and mislead the management.The management before going for the evaluation has to make sure that the evaluation is unbiased and no personal factors are included in the results. This is practically impossible thus the organization has to make sure that it minimizes the biasness to the maximum level (Rae, 2002). The managers have to make sure that the data they gather from the evaluation is sufficient to provide correct finding and is able to achieve the objective of the evaluation. Otherwise the whole process may become nullified and would be a waste of resources and time.The managers have to ensure that whatever tools are required to gather the evaluation data have provided enough data which to validate the study (Donovan & Townsend, 2004). Selecting the right tools to gather the data is another challenge in front of the managers. Today managers have various different tools to gather data for the evaluation of the training programs. It is very difficult for the organization to decide on which tools are the best in the given conditions for the organizations to gather data.The managers have to be very prudent while deciding on how to get the data for the evaluation (Evaluation Tools, n. d. ). The organizations have various tools like focus groups, questionnaires and one on one interview and observations. All these tools have their specific characteristics which may be advantageous for the organization at various times. The criteria for choosing the tool may differ from organization to organization and may even depend on the personalities of the respondents for the evaluation.Where the managers may feel that their respondents would not be able to communicate their ideas properly they would go for observation and try to gather data via either their own observations or the expert’s observation (Knox, 2002). The tool itself has a lot of impact on the re sult of the study as the level of biasness may vary in each tool. For example observation may be very biased as the observer may be paying selective attention and ignoring things that he may not want to. Focus group may also be biased as it has a moderator who may play a major role in manipulating the discussions in the focus groups (Clarkson, 2001).Thus the managers today have a lot of pressures in terms of selecting the right tools for gathering the data as the tool has to be the most appropriate one and has to match the conditions and the type of respondents. Evaluation is a complete procedure which the company has to follow. It is not easy for the managers to formulate the evaluation process and a complete and thorough insight is required by the managers to formulate the evaluation procedures for the training and development interventions.The managers today are facing a lot of difficulties in deciding on the various steps that are required to initialize the procedure at the begi nning and then come up with a step by step procedure. Other than that the managers also have to ensure that the steps that they follow are in the right order so that the evaluation procedure is correct. The formulation of the procedure also requires the managers to have a thorough insight of the training and development interventions so that they may make sure that the process is not leaving any loop holes during the evaluation phase. (Training Evaluation, n. d. )Answer # 4: Training and development interventions have become very important for any organization. Training allows the employees to be at pace with the changing employing conditions in the world. The training though remains incomplete without the evaluation phase where the organization can benefit by taking feedback from the trainers and the trainees. The evaluation completes the training and development intervention procedure as it enables the organization to get an insight on the objectives, the loop holes and other aspe cts of the training and development intervention procedure (George & Snell, 2007).By evaluating the training and development interventions the company is able to exactly know hoe successful it has been in implementing the interventions. Since all these interventions requires a lot of time and money to be spent by the company, thus it is of very importance to the company to analyze how beneficial the strategies have been for the company and what are the points where there were certain loop holes that can be taken care of (Evaluating Training, n. d. ). The training and development interventions are required to modify the ongoing training within an organization.Though the implementation alone is not enough, the organization may not want to only spend their resources without any sort of evaluations. The evaluation is a tool that does not only provide ample data to assess the company’s training interventions on the short term basis but is also a tool that can be used to formulate the strategies or the roadmap for the long term (Cummings & Worley, 2008). Evaluation not only identifies the results obtained by the current techniques applied but at the same time gets a feedback from the internal and external audiences.The feedback can serve as the most important opportunity for the organization as it can use it for the further trainings. The feedback itself would prove to be the biggest opportunity for the organization as because of the feedback the organization would be able to identify all sorts of loop holes that may exist in the current intervention systems of the organization. The company may be able to spot what are the places where the company is lagging behind and needs to cover up (Nilson, 2003).This would bring the company in a better position to formulate the future learning and development interventions for the employees. Thus the company would then be able to make better strategies that would be the improved version of the intervention strategies ad opted by the organization. Evaluation is the best way to measure the success of the organization. By evaluating the development and training intervention strategies the organization may be in the best position to see any mistakes that have been done in the current training sessions.The human development is a very integral part of the organization where a lot of organizations spend huge amounts just to make sure that their employees are trained in the best manner. Companies can set their goals before the training and development interventions which would then be used in formulating the training program. Later the evaluation would be the best way by which the organization can assess the extent to which the goals have been achieved. This would help the organizations in setting its future objectives and missions based on the past results of the evaluation (Trainee's Feedback, n.d. ). Evaluation would give the organization an insight for reviewing, adjusting and revising goals. By evalua tion, the organization is in a better state to review its goals and incorporate any required changes. The organization would be able to come up with a revised and an improved training and development interventions which would benefit the organizations and the employees individually. The training process is required to be with minimal errors and maximum results.The upper management of the organization is very keen regarding the whole training process and any interventions that are done in the organization. Thus evaluation proves to be the best way by which the organization can reduce the amount of mistakes that can be done in the training and development interventions. By evaluation the organization may be able to get the response from the trainers and the trainees and then avoid any mistakes that have been done in the previous sessions (Why Training Evaluation? , 2006 ).This would help in reducing the organization cost as it would not then waste its resources on committing mistakes but instead would be able to properly channelize the resource without committing any fallacies. The organization by doing constant evaluations can avoid any mistakes and can come up with the training and development interventions with zero error, that is, that would get maximum results which would justify the huge amount that is spend on training the human resources in the organization (Evaluation of Recruitment and Training, n.d. ). Avoiding mistakes in the training procedure does not only reduce cost but at the same time gets maximum results for the organization. Evaluation identifies the loop holes in the current procedures which can then be rectified in the future. This would help the organization in making the trainings more effective and result oriented. The employees of the organization may be able to increase their productivity which would be very beneficial for the organization. Evaluation is a way of taking response from the trainees.This is a way of decentralizing the org anization by which the employee’s response would be incorporated in the training and development procedures of the organization. This would act as the motivator for the employees as they would know that their response would be considered as very important for the training interventions. The employees would be able to increase their productivity and the whole organization would work together to come up with a better intervention procedures (Employee Satisfaction Survey, n. d. ).Evaluations provide an organization to prepare a relevant and appropriate training program for the organization which can prove to be the success factor for the organization. Human resource is considered as one of the most important factors in any organization that can become the competitive advantage for the firm. The evaluation might lead to enhance the competitive advantage by providing a correct framework for the training and development interventions. The evaluation may enable to firm to come up wi th the best training methods for the employees by which the company can train their employees in the best manner.Evaluation is thus the only way by which the organizations in the modern world can train their employees and make themselves differentiated via that. The evaluation can help in making the work environment better as the employees may feel respected and consider themselves as the most important asset of the organization. Thus a proper evaluation system can lead to a better working environment, improved training interventions which would all lead to an increase in the productivity of the employees and ultimately affect the earnings of the organization which is the key objective of any firm (Becker, 2009).Conclusion: Evaluating the training and development interventions is not an easy task as it requires a very prudent approach by the managers who are facing a lot of challenges today. The organizations have to be more serious while evaluating the interventions and have to uti lize the maximum from the evaluation procedures as they have a lot of opportunities for the organization.

Assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article. The Essay

Assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article. The article should be timely and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street Journal readers - Essay Example For the Chicago region, costs of shipping have risen since some organizations are forced to use other routes, which were more expensive. In Dallas, trucking companies argue that cargo volumes went down due to West Coast ports shipping disruptions. This is because small-parcel and rail shipments went up in January, even though they were high the previous year. For the retailers in the western states, they would have realized strong sales during the holiday season if the delays that emerged from West Coast ports never took place. These issues led to a reduction in agricultural exports, as perishable goods were wasted while in storage containers before they could be shipped (Portlock). In addition, Boston Fed revealed that firms were under pressure, particularly due to the negative influences that resulted from unanticipated weather conditions in the southern part of New England. Nevertheless, products, such as coats, boosts, and winter sporting equipment realized strong sales. However, several retailers said that more than 200 stores situated in New England could not operate for a few days due to extreme weather conditions (Portlock). New York, on the other hand, is showing a rise in available rentals, indicating new economic developments, especially in Brooklyn. A transportation analyst situated in Philadelphia region stipulated that the flourishing traffic is nearing levels last witnessed during the previous expansion. In Cleveland district, decline in prices of gasoline have encouraged certain individuals to purchase trucks and SUVs, reaching a sales rise of about 7 percent compared to January 2014. However, a number of dental equipment producers in Richmond area said low number of patients led to reduced sales of the products. In the case of Atlanta region, establishments meant for casual dining witnessed a rise in customer volumes as clients were becoming

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide Research Paper

I coundn't decide yet. Could you decide - Research Paper Example Lacks died after eight months, but her cells live, the first cell line to survive, cultured in vitro at the Hospital’s laboratory for cervical research and since then literally immortal (Brodwin 2000 54-57). Those cells are still being cultured today and are used for research on cancer, AIDS, various other diseases and gene-related studies. In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Lacks’ children grieved at the fact that others made a multi-million industry of their mother’s cells while they are living a life of poverty (Skloot 2010). Despite the medical benefits brought about by HeLa, there are those who believe that an ethical breach occurred when Lacks cells were used for research without her and/or her children’s knowledge and consent. According to Anders Nordgren, dialogue, which includes informed consent, is central to ethical research. There is an unwritten agreement among the research community that a research must always be preceded by the consent of the subject concerned (2001 p 128). Informed consent, which involves disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, authorization, and precondition (Nordgren 2008 p. 128), is merely in keeping with the right of a person to privacy, one of the rights mentioned by the 9th Amendment to the Constitution. In the case of Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Company 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905), the Court concluded that the right to privacy is an independent right under a state constitution (Schultz 576). Moreover, modern trends in ethical research suggests the significance and impact of informed consent to the entire family lineage of the individual whose cells are being made a subject of research (Lea et al 1998 p.91). The elements of disclosure and understanding requires that a person must be notified and recognize the various aspects of the research, such as its

Sampling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling - Research Paper Example The records from the university showed that there was a sample of 1000 alumni. The survey design will utilize control categories to obtain a representative sample from the main list. The research will list the following control categories. The sex category has a larger percentage for males. The decision was arrived at because women are fewer than men. The slightly higher percentage increased their likelihood of selection. Age categories relied on recent alumni of the university. The larger percentage of 31-35 was necessary to share experiences of those who have been in the job market based on the old training program. Other categories would include; income levels based on employment or unemployment. The last category would be educational levels assessed based on secondary, tertiary or college levels.Alumni Quota sample for alumni on new training on development program Kuwaiti bank survey aims at evaluating how banking habits differ from different ethnic groups. The researcher utilizes the systematic sampling technique in which a sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every 5th household. The sample interval is determined from the universe that totals 200000 people. Nassipur (2004) argues that when a sample is too small, the generalizability of the findings becomes difficult. When it is too small it becomes meaningless when analyzed. Besides, when the resources and time are limited a smaller sample becomes justified. The desired sample is 1500. The sample interval shall be 133. That means every 133th household has a likelihood of selection. The population resides in a geographically ordered area where tribes live alongside each other. The sample shall be distributed according to population size per region. A triangulation of sampling quota and systematic techniques will be utilized as follows. The orderly nature of geographical distribution will increase

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation - Essay Example Besides, the motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality. According to Geen (1994), motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior. In other words, motivation is a state of mind which is influenced by the environment, by those around and above all by us (Yates, 2002). Researchers have identified basically two kinds of motivation- the intrinsic and the extrinsic motivation. The main purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Additionally it also examines the effectiveness of both types of motivation and discuss some of the personal views with respect to which process provides the most effective results and why. There are several researchers who have worked and continue to work on intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation, and these studies have shed light on their impact on individuals on both developmental and educational practices (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In general, intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is morally significant. For example, in a husband and wife relationship unless both are motivated to be faithful, happy and committed to each other or are intrinsically motivated, it is impossible for them to be happy. Another example is if a child is studying out of real interest in the subjects and his curiousness to learn about the subject, it can be said that the child is intrinsically motivated. On the other hand extrinsic motivation can be explained as if a person is motivated to take an action after gaining the knowledge of the rewards. In other words extrinsically motivated behaviors are actions that result in the accomplishment of externally administered rewards, such as pay, material possessions, status, and positive evaluations from others (Bateman and Crant, N.D.). For example, when a student is compelled to achieve distinction in his exams because of the prize announced by the teacher can be considered as extrinsic motivation. The student does not learn the subjects out of the real interest on the subjects but due to pressure. While it is debated that intrinsic motivation plays a major role in reflecting the natural human propensity to learn and assimilate, extrinsic motivation differs considerably in its relative autonomy and thus can either be a sign of external control or true self-regulation (Ryan and Deci, 2000). Motivation influences productivity, and I believe it is essential to understand what motivates people to reach peak performance. It is not an easy task to increase their motivation because they respond in different ways. Motivation among different category of people differs. For instance, a child of 2-3 years may differ from a school going child in motivation. A teenager may differ from the adult. An employee may differ from the business owner. Therefore in all these cases there are different intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and researchers have studied in depth on these issues. And most of them agree that motivation in general is something that energizes, direct, and sustains behaviors (fiu.edu, N.D.). If we take a look at the work of early researchers it can be seen that the extrinsic motivat

Strategic Marketing Management - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Marketing Management - - Case Study Example Likewise, a similar micro environmental impact has to do with the fact that the entire economy has experienced a rapid and sudden convulsions since the 2007 and 2008 economic downturn. As a direct result of this, fewer and fewer individuals are traveling abroad; with an extreme level of reduction in business travelers – the mainstay of British Airways consumer base. With this in mind, the macro environmental impact on British Airways are not confined only to British Airways as such; instead, they are felt by a litany of different air carriers and other businesses operating within the market. However, due to the nature of British Airways strategy and its marketing focus, the overall level of impact that it has experienced has been somewhat more profound as compared to its competitors. In terms of classifying the competitive environment and British Airways operates within, it should definitively be stated that this competitive environment is increasingly saturated. For instance, when British Airways was privatized in the late 1980s, the market that it operated within was relatively small. Domestically, it only had one counterpart and internationally there were only a handful of competitors of the same size and overall global reach. Yet, with the increase of globalization and the demand for continual air service to a litany of different locations, the overall competitive bandage that British Airways once held has slowly been eroded by a litany of other competitors. All of this is necessarily important due to the fact that an oversaturated environment create a dynamic in which British Airways faces a marketing dilemma; specifically with regard to the way in which it seeks to differentiate itself as compared to the competition. Essentially, British Airways exhibits c ertification of a very wealthy and powerful firm that chose to ignore strategic changes in the external environment and is now reaping and very

Evaluation 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation 4 - Essay Example ments projected against EBP and consequently suggesting possible reactions by practitioners, the study focused more on the critics from postmodernist movements. The sampling procedure adopted in the study is study is based on the level of fierceness of the critics who reason that EBP are actually detrimental to patient as they are flawed. The study is therefore purely set on available literature and therefore more of study on literature as against primary study. The study found that though the study of EBP faces critical limitation in evidence, critical thinking is inherent in supporting professionalism in nursing practice. Professional nursing manager are encouraged not to abandon EBP but involve critical thinking while embracing it. This study findings provide very strong support in the need to have critical thinking while adopting EBP in nursing. Evaluation on literature however would have presented a major challenge through biasness while it has the positive of being more comprehensive in information. Various factors were measured and the data collected and these were sources of nurse knowledge for their practice, barriers to achievement of evidence based practice as well as personal rating in capacity to deliver the evidence-based practices. These study findings provide very strong support in the need to adopt new approaches to nurses’ management roles especially with the junior nurses who feel inferior to the seniors. The main weakness in the study was the relatively low response rate of 42% and which would have meant increased risk of biasness. In studying the experience of nurses practicing in acute nursing care, qualitative descriptive design is adopted. Interview method was used in collecting the data from a sample of about 20 practicing nurses. The study involves four acute-care hospital within South East Florida with distinction on for profits and non-profit hospital. The criteria used for the choice of the hospital were the criteria of having

Abortion arguments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abortion arguments - Essay Example Before going into the discussion regarding ethical issues related to abortions, let us get a better understanding of what abortion actually is. â€Å"Abortion is the intentional termination of a pregnancy after conception† Abortion in medical science is a process in which doctors, with the approval of the pregnant women, kill the fetus in order to terminate the pregnancy. â€Å"Abortion can lead to problems later in life as after all you are tampering with your body and obstructing the natural course of happenings† (Godbole). Abortions are either first trimester abortions or second trimester abortions (Ravichandran). First trimester abortions are caused due to genetic abnormalities, uterine abnormalities, or placental abnormalities, whereas second trimester abortions are caused due to trauma, hypertension, or increase in the cervical incompetence. Depending on the status of fetus, there are two different viewpoints regarding abortions. The people who consider abortions legal believe that fetus is not a person and a woman has the right to decide whether she wants to carry on with the pregnancy or not. Whereas the other side believes that fetus or embryo is a life within a woman, and killing a fetus is same like killing a human. There exist some ethical issues related to the decision of a woman to abort her pregnancy. Let us discuss some of those issues in some detail. Status of Fetus Fetus is an unborn form of a human whose development takes place inside the womb of a woman. The decision of a woman to abort the pregnancy is ethical if the fetus is dead and the woman do not feel any kind of movement inside the womb, whereas if the woman starts feeling some movements inside her womb, it means that the fetus is alive and in such cases, abortion is considered unethical in many societies. Some of the conditions in which abortions become ethical and make sense include dead fetus, abnormal structure of the fetus, and threat to the life of the mother. Rape of Forced Sex Rape or forced sex, makes abortion an ethical decision because the pregnancies, which occur due to rape, are without the consent or will of the woman involved in the incident. Therefore, a woman holds the right to terminate her pregnancy because neither she was ready for pregnancy nor she had any will for that. In the United State of America, people view rape or forced sex as the valid reasons of abortion. However, in Southeast Asian countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, majority of people does not consider abortion ethical in any case because they have little awareness of the ethical dilemmas related to abortions. People belonging to such countries are usually more concerned about the issue rather than the cause of abortion. Whereas, in the European and American countries, people are very much aware of all issues related to abortion and they take the decision to abort the pregnancy based on valid justifications, such as, rape, forced sex, abnormal str ucture, threat to the life of the mother, and some other reasons. Health of Mother â€Å"An abortion can happen spontaneously as a result of complications during a pregnancy, or it can be induced† (Nordqvist). Threat to the life of the mother justifies abortion. The act of abortion becomes legal for both the woman and the family of the woman if the life of the woman falls in danger due to pregnancy. Life of mother is always more important than the life of an unborn child. A number of cases occur all over the world where doctors recommend the families of the pregnant women to let them drop the pregnancy because of the threat associated with the life of the mother due to some complexities related to the pregnancy. In such cases, the decision of terminating the pregnancy becomes ethical because it saves the life of the woman who can give normal birth to babies in future. Divorce Divorce is one of the major factors behind the increase in the number of abortions that take place al l over the